Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Roots of language was originally published in 1981 by Karoma Press (Ann Arbor). It was the first work to systematically develop a theory first suggested by Coelho in the late nineteenth century: that the creation of creole languages somehow reflected universal properties of language. The book also proposed that the same set of properties would be found to emerge in normal first-language acquisition and must have emerged in the original evolution of language. These proposals, some of which were elaborated in an article in Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1984), were immediately controversial and gave rise to a great deal of subsequent research in creoles, much of it aimed at rebutting the theory. The book also served to legitimize and stimulate research in language evolution, a topic regarded as off-limits by linguists for over a century. The present edition contains a foreword by the author bringing the theory up to date; a fuller exposition of many of its aspects can be found in the author’s most recent work, More than nature needs (Harvard University Press, 2014).

E-books --- Philology. Linguistics --- Linguistics --- Language and languages --- Origin. --- Origin of languages --- Speech --- Origin --- pidgin --- creole --- language origins --- language evolution --- Semantics --- Stratum (linguistics) --- Verb

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This book looks into the nature and status of Community collective marks and explores to what extent they can incorporate certification marks under the current European trade mark law. Welcoming the proposal for a new European Trade Mark Regulation in 2013, the study argues that the two genres should be distinguished from one another, serving distinct purposes. Further, the significance and role of Geographical Indications under the European Union Law are addressed, as well as the question of whether they need to be kept as a separate regime. Although the advantages of each sign are obstructed by discrepancies in terminologies and confusion in legal theory and practice, the author examines the potential of each system by analysing the CTMR as it stands and the OHIM practice, comparing them to national legislations and elucidating the intention of the European legislator.

Trademarks --- Marks of origin --- Law and legislation --- Geographical indications (Marks of origin) --- Origin, Marks of --- Identification --- Markenrecht --- Urheberrecht / Gewerblicher Rechtsschutz und Medienrecht --- Gewerblicher Rechtsschutz

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

"Today, food animal production systems demand high energy, land, chemicals, and water--all of which are increasingly becoming scarce. Thus, change and innovation are required in many animal production systems to meet the present and future demands for animal products sustainably. Over the last four decades, inexpensive grain, energy, and protein have enabled the economic development of intensive meat, eggs, and milk production systems based on feeding grains and other ingredients sourced from far-off places. The poultry and pig intensive production systems have become highly capital intensive, and they have resulted in many environmental challenges. Food animal feed, nutrition, and welfare are the foundation of successful animal systems. They directly or indirectly affect the entire animal production sector, associated services, public goods, and services, including animal productivity, health and welfare, product quality and safety, land use and land-use change, and greenhouse gas emissions. The sustainability of food animal nutrition and welfare is crucial in developing animal production across production systems. The sustainable increase in animal productivity, which is key to meeting the large current and future demands for animal origin products, cannot be achieved without sustainable animal nutrition and welfare."

Food of animal origin. --- Meat industry and trade. --- Sustainability.

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

DNA replication, a central event for cell proliferation, is the basis of biological inheritance. Complete and accurate DNA replication is integral to the maintenance of the genetic integrity of organisms. In all three domains of life, DNA replication begins at replication origins. In bacteria, replication typically initiates from a single replication origin (oriC), which contains several DnaA boxes and the AT-rich DNA unwinding element (DUE). In eukaryotic genomes, replication initiates from significantly more replication origins, activated simultaneously at a specific time. For eukaryotic organisms, replication origins are best characterized in the unicellular eukaryote budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. The budding yeast origins contain an essential sequence element called the ARS (autonomously replicating sequence), while the fission yeast origins consist of AT-rich sequences. Within the archaeal domain, the multiple replication origins have been identified by a predict-and-verify approach in the hyperthermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus. The basic structure of replication origins is conserved among archaea, typically including an AT-rich unwinding region flanked by several short repetitive DNA sequences, known as origin recognition boxes (ORBs). It appears that archaea have a simplified version of the eukaryotic replication apparatus, which has led to considerable interest in the archaeal machinery as a model of that in eukaryotes. The research on replication origins is important not only in providing insights into the structure and function of the replication origins but also in understanding the regulatory mechanisms of the initiation step in DNA replication. Therefore, intensive studies have been carried out in the last two decades. The pioneer work to identify bacterial oriCs in silico is the GC-skew analysis. Later, a method of cumulative GC skew without sliding windows was proposed to give better resolution. Meanwhile, an oligomer-skew method was also proposed to predict oriC regions in bacterial genomes. As a unique representation of a DNA sequence, the Z-curve method has been proved to be an accurate and effective approach to predict bacterial and archaeal replication origins. Budding yeast origins have been predicted by Oriscan using similarity to the characterized ones, while the fission yeast origins have been identified initially from AT content calculation. In comparison with the in silico analysis, the experimental methods are time-consuming and labor-intensive, but convincing and reliable. To identify microbial replication origins in vivo or in vitro, a number of experimental methods have been used including construction of replicative oriC plasmids, microarray-based or high-throughput sequencing-based marker frequency analysis, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis analysis and replication initiation point mapping (RIP mapping). The recent genome-wide approaches to identify and characterize replication origin locations have boosted the number of mapped yeast replication origins. In addition, the availability of increasing complete microbial genomes and emerging approaches has created challenges and opportunities for identification of their replication origins in silico, as well as in vivo and in vitro.

orisome --- Replication Origin --- Cell-cycle --- Archaea --- origin recognition complex (ORC) --- Bacteria --- DNA Replication --- Replication regulation --- yeast --- Regulatory proteins

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The development of clean and low-carbon energy is undoubtedly imperative in the coming decades worldwide. This book focuses on a series of advanced research on geological and geochemical characterization, as well as on the exploration, development, and utilization of coal and coal-related resources, especially critical metals together with unconventional gases in coal and coal-bearing sequences, which are of great significance to achieving carbon neutrality.

Research & information: general --- Physics --- Coal --- Critical metals --- Unconventional resources --- Geological origin